friendship by emma guest analysis
Winchester: St. Pauls Bibliographies; New Castle, Del. Mr. Woodhouse, again in conversation, frequently refers to the advice and role of Perry the apothecary. He, as others, defers to Perry, the apothecary and seeming miracle worker with all who are ill. Elton is enthusiastic about what he perceives to be the latest developments in carriage comforts, with the use of a sheep-skin for carriages. There is an indirect topical allusion to slavery when replying to John Knightleys observation I never dine with any body. Elton responds, I had no idea that the law had been so great a slavery. It is Emma who chastises Knightley for letting his imagination wander and being influenced by appearances (349351). The younger of two daughters of a Bristol merchant, she and her family spent some of their winters in fashionable Bath. Mrs. Weston tries to create a superficial harmony. New York: MLA, 2004. The fourth paragraph of this second chapter presents Westons perspective rather than that of his wife. Emmas reaction is to keep her father in a positive mood, his habitual mode of expression is in the negative form (there are 10 negatives in his speeches in this opening chapter), which provides a linguistic clue to his character . Food is prepared only in the way he is used to: Serle boils pork or egg better than anyone else. To depict this theme, the poet uses a voice that is filled with appreciation for his friend. . He is relieved to learn that Frank Churchill does not mean anything to her, and rather than, as Emma expected, speaking of his love for Harriet, Knightley declares his love for Emma. Instant downloads of all 1699 LitChart PDFs The fourth stanza clarifies the reason for penning down this verse. Friendship Summary: "Friendship" is an essay by Ralph Waldo Emerson that was first published in 1841. Another perspective of Highbury and the surroundings is displayed. Harriet tells Emma that she now admires someone who has an infinite superiority to all the rest of the world (341), whom she cannot hope to marry. Following these, three of whom are males, Mr. Weston, Mr. Knightley, and Mr. Elton, in the third paragraph come three ladies from a different social stratification of Highbury: Mrs. A friend is like an owl, both beautiful and wise. be missed; and could not think . . As Norman Page in The Language of Jane Austen appositely indicates, Mr. Woodhouse has fourteen speeches in this opening chapter. It emerges that before sending the letter, Martin had asked for Knightleys advice, and he had told Martin that Harriet would look favorably upon the proposal. Thanks so much for participating in the GFC Hop on ModaMama! . . 4 Summer Friends by Mary Lamb. She literally was that at the period describedbefore the wedding to Weston. Note: When citing an online source, it is important to include all necessary dates. Consequently, this same sentence could well also be Emmas inner thoughts at work. Frank is not at ease, and even though dancing with Emma, keeps looking at Knightley. . In the final sentence of the paragraph, Emmas mind returned to Mrs. Eltons offences, and long, very long, did they occupy her (279280), the omniscient narrator relates. . Its funny; I dont think I have one really. . This represents a reversal from the previous misunderstandings reverberating through the novel. The quality of irony, of another possible perspective, of disguise and revelation pervades Emma. The next chapter focuses on two main concerns. . Emma continues to ask Miss Bates, Miss Fairfax prefers devoting time to you and Mrs. Bates? She is fishing for further information, even going so far as eliciting data from Miss Bates on the relative physical attractiveness of Jane and Miss Campbell, now Mrs. Dixon. His friend always helped him whenever he needed his assistance. Elton is indirectly introduced to Harriet. His parting from Emma gives her misleading signals, although Frank seems to be on the point of confession. An external event finally persuades Mr. Woodhouse that he needs his son-in-laws protection owing to the fact that Mrs. The metaphor of the book also communicates the fact that friends remain themselves throughout the friendship, as fixed as a text on the page. It is a beautiful, moonlight night; and so mild that I must draw back from your great fire. In response to the reply, But you must have found it very damp and dirty. Franks departure is conveyed through information received from Mr. Elton. In the outer world, an era of social upheaval for the poor, due to the wars and to economic changes in the countryside, fears (Pinch, 401) lay not far from the seemingly tranquil surface of society and its social structures. A friend is like a flower a rose to be exact. . Frank compares Emmas dancing to Janes, regarding Emmas as superior. In one of his longest speeches so far in the novel, Mr. Woodhouse muses on his grandchildren Henry and John, complaining that their father is too rough with them very often. Emma, in company with Mr. Knightley, is one of the few who can disagree with her father to make him see other viewpoints. This makes Emma determined to find a bride for Mr. Elton, the newly arrived vicar of Highbury. For example, in the first four lines, there are two rhyming pairs: me and be, and day and way. At ten years old, she had the misfortune of being able to answer questions which puzzled her sister at seventeen. Emmas sister, Isabella, was slow and diffident. Emma, on the other hand, was always quick and assured. Furthermore, ever since she was twelve, Emma has been mistress of the house and of you all. According to Knightley, In her mother she lost the only person able to cope with her. In his praise of sincerity, Emerson voices a familiar contempt for the general tendency of shallow social interactions, a theme that runs throughout his work and that of other Transcendentalist writers. Finance / General Manager. New York: St. Martins Press, 1998. They grew so close, Emma joked that they were able to communicate telepathically. Emma wishes she had never seen Harriet. Compare their manner of carrying themselves; of walking; of speaking; of being silent. The second and shortest sentence tells readers that the happiness of Miss Smith was quite equal to her intentions. The final sentence weaves in and out of various perspectives moving from Emmas to that of Harriet Smiths. governess-trade, I assure you, was all that I had in view (300). She assumes that Frank Churchill and Harriet Smith are forming a relationship following their appearing arm in arm together. They are willing to be at his service, fetched and carried home so often that Mr. Woodhouse thought it no hardship for either James or the horses. If their attendance was irregular, taking place only once a year, it would have been a grievance., Neither Miss Bates nor her mother actually appears in the novel until the opening of the second book, but readers are informed about them at an earlier stage of the narrative. The next chapter is also replete with dialogue between Emma and Frank. The simile here works to portray an aspect of human nature in a remote, unfriendly light. Emma tells Harriet not to marry Mr. Martin. The difficulty of perceiving and imagining the autonomy of the friendtruly understanding that ones friend is as complex as oneselfis precisely what makes friendship so interesting and philosophically stimulating. A seemingly trivial dialogue among Mr. Woodhouse, Mr. Weston, and Emma reintroduces themes of the novel never far from the surface: concern for others feelings, especially in this instance on the part of Mr. Woodhouse, health, and comfort. Wigs, dominant among male fashion in the 18th century, were increasingly going out of fashion, and by the second decade of the 19th century, short hairstyles for men were becoming fashionable. In a very well-written letter that surprises Emma, as she thought incorrectly that Robert Martin was illiteratea major concern of the novel is Emmas own educationMartin proposes to Harriet. There are more than a hundred references to tea in them. In her Our Village: Sketches of Rural Character and Scenery (1824), Mary Russell Mitford comments on the use of deedily, or actively, busily. Harriet goes to stay with Emmas sister, Isabella, in London. 1 Mar. Mr. Woodhouses second utterance wishes for the impossible, I wish she were here again. The concern is not for Miss Taylor, who is no longer unmarried, but for his own welfare. This insistence on honesty and remaining independently-minded recalls Emersons essay on Self-Reliance., Friendship requires a magnanimous person who lets nature take its course and does not meddle with fate. The author herself collected opinions of Emma, mostly by members of her family or family friends. In the last line, darkest hours symbolize the worst phases of the speakers life. Though this poem is told from the perspective of an innocent speaker, it taps on some deeper emotions and ideas as well. The response from Emma reveals that she has insight as to what others think of her, at least where Knightley is concerned. Overall, the allusions that Emerson. To him, friendship is oxymoronic; it is both "delicate" and "solid." He emphasizes that it must be formed with the utmost respect, but once formed, it is not like the dainty, glass-like patterns of "frostwork." Knightley becomes associated with England and its positive qualities. A friend is like a flower, Emma on rejecting marriage. Emmas emotional overreaction to Mrs. Westons near certainty that Knightley is in love and will marry Jane Fairfax bring to the surface Emmas hitherto more or less repressed feelings for Knightley and her jealousy of Jane Fairfax. The style of the letter was much above [Emmas] expectation. The reasons why are succinctly given: There were not merely no grammatical errors, but as a composition it would not have disgraced a gentleman; the language, though plain, was strong and unaffected, and the sentiments it conveyed very much to the credit of the writer. So Robert Martin can write a grammatically correct letter, and one of which a gentleman (let alone a farmer) would have been proud. It leads Jane Fairfax to tell Frank openly, A hasty and imprudent attachment may arisebut there is generally time to recover from it afterwards. Mrs. Elton patronizes the others, Emmas exasperation with Miss Bates finally boils over and she insults her publicly. . His proposal to Emma is unpremeditated. There must be some sort of relationship. Two areas dominate recent critical discourse on Emma. Emma decides to take impressionable young Harriet, who is overwhelmed by the honor of Emma's attentions, and mold her into someone more like, well, Emma herself. Constructions in this second paragraph are more elaborate and several of them are negative (29). He too is not unaware that Harriets social status is different from Emmas, but he fears that Harriets introduction to the lifestyle of a wealthier class will make her unhappy. The assumption in Emma is that Miss Churchills deceased parents specifically willed a significant fortune to their daughter, rather than leaving it in trust to her brother, who has inherited the family-estate (Pinch, 393). He refutes Francis Bacon (1561-1626), who in his essay "Of Friendship" praised the value of having a good friend to whom one could "impart . Lines from Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream, The course of true love never did run smooth (I.i.123), are cited by Emma as an observation upon her reading of something in the air of Hartfield [giving] love exactly the right direction. Again, her words have multiple meanings placed in the context of the rest of the novel and the unfolding of its plot. It would be incompatible with what she owed to her father, and with what she felt for him (416). Mr. Eltons first charade At the start of the meeting between Emma and Knightley, Jane Austen conveys both physical and emotional attraction: She found her arm drawn within his, and pressed against his heart, and heard him thus saying, in a tone of great sensibility mutual confessions then follow (425). Despite the couple's decision to end their romantic relationship, fans are eagerly awaiting the couple's appearance together on Selling Sunset season 5. So Emma and Frank are playing games of deception with each other. Similarly, the discussion between Emma and Frank of the merits of Jane Fairfax and her piano playing is seen from a different perspective. The heroine of Jane Austen's Emma (1815) is well liked by all of the novel's characters but intimate with none until the marriage plot intervenes in the final pages to match her with Mr. Knightley. . He is going to London to stay for a few days with his brother and upon leaving almost kisses her hand. Jane is irritated by Franks overattentiveness to Emma and her refusal to walk with him after the Donwell Abbey visit leads him to behave erratically at Box Hill. Emma also feels a sense of past injustice towards Jane Fairfax (421). Hartfield is part of Highbury, the large and populous village almost amounting to a town. Hartfield has a separate lawn and shrubberies and the Woodhouses were first in consequences in Hartfield; whether they are the wealthiest family in the neighborhood is not stated. Guest is regarded as the Peoples Poet for his simple style and works meant for the masses. Mr. By the end of her response, she tells him dear papa, you cannot think that I shall leave off match-making., Mr. Knightley questions Emmas perceptions of her success, mediating it, and reducing her achievement to a lucky guess; and that is all that can be said. Knightley, in his version of what occurred, views Emmas efforts from two perspectives, either: endeavoring for the last four years to bring about this marriage; or saying to yourself one idle day that it would be a good idea. It was on the wedding-day of this beloved friend that Emma first sat in mournful thought of any continuance. She is left alone with her father. Earlier in the essay, Emerson wrote that friendship occurs when two individuals possess the Deity within them. A hypochondriac, he continually relies on the advice of the local apothecary, Mr. Perry, who appears to respond to Mr. Woodhouses every whim. It is a covenant, an agreement with divine forces; to enter friendship is to enter a relationship with what is real, with the forces that govern the world that humans can never really perceive. Undaunted in the darkest hours with you to lean upon. However, it was not until 1833 that slavery was abolished in British colonial possessions. Jane herself seems to suffer from fragile health: A severe cold in the previous chapter is given as part of the reason why she did not go to Ireland. If there are three dates, the first date is the date of the original Emma, an imaginist, seeing Harriet on Churchills arm was led to speculation and foresight concerning a romantic entanglement. The Coles dinner party is an important one and one of the longest chapters in the novel. Harriet is short, plump, fair, with blue eyes, light hair, and her features are regular. (23) Marsh writes, Not only does this give a simple and vivid impression of Miss Smith, but also the language is simple enough to suit Harriets mind. The second paragraph is a complete antithesis. Otherwise, Emma is the lens through which the narrative is presented, and as the story unfolds the limitations of her character, she had rather too much her own way (5), become evident. She attempts to improve her subject, Harriet, to give her additional features, physical and social stature. When describing multiple people conversing, Emerson warns readers to not mix waters too much, meaning that too many people together will create something impure. Knightley is provided with the opportunity to reflect on spoilt children like Emma. Only Miss Bates and Jane knew about this. She is surprised that Elton does not take the opportunity to propose. Accessed 1 March 2023. She in general . Besides, the friend has generously strewn happiness in the speakers path. Log in here. . Miss Bates, on the other hand, plays a much more prominent role in the novel. The last date is today's Well, sir, the time must come when you will be paid for all this, when you will have little labour and great enjoyment. These observations are made just before they passed through the sweep-gate in the carriage. He was always glad to help the speaker. He lives at Donwell Abbey, the spacious estate that he manages. Harriet has also been given a taste of such enjoyments of ease and leisure that must make a return to the harsh realities even more difficult. Friendship can dignify the mundane through the opportunities for philosophical reflection and conversation it offers. Knightley is making a distinction between the French aimablewhich he construes as mere politenessand its English cognate, amiable, which in Austens era belonged in a much more serious register: an innate, fundamental warmth of temper or disposition (Pinch, 395396, citing M. Stokes, 162165). Knightley is unable to decide how to interpret this and other signs of a relationship. The charming Augusta Hawkins has all the usual advantages. These are perfect beauty and merit. The words are appropriately vague but explained more specifically in term of an independent fortune. The phrase the story told well appeals to public perceptions of a romantic alliance in which an impoverished young man captures through a whirlwind courtship a wealthy, beautiful bride. He too is disturbed by Mrs. Eltons violation of recognized codes. Emma has fewer letters than Jane Austens earlier novels. Second, Harriets reaction to the letter, her reluctance to reject it, reveals her true feelings too. The other is direct authorial comment. I wish you may not catch cold, Knightley quips, Dirty, sir! The author tells us that the humble, grateful, little girl went off with highly gratified feelings. She is delighted with the affability with which Miss Woodhouse had treated her all the evening, and has received what is a high accolade in this social world, actually shaken hands with her at last! In Jane Austens time, shaking hands was a sign of affection and intimacy and not simply a gesture of formal greeting. Emersons statement that friends seem isolated in nature, walking among specters and shadows, has both Platonic and Christian overtones. Emma tells Mrs. Weston that she will gain nothing in consulting Miss Bates, who will be all delight and gratitude, but she will tell you nothing (255). Weston arranges a Christmas eve party for the Woodhouses and others at his house, Randalls. A friend is like an owl, both beautiful and wise. We are both prejudiced; you against, I for him; and we have no chance of agreeing till he is really here. This leads to yet another outburst from the usually even-tempered Knightley. This perspective in the chapter, as in a good deal of the novel, is Emmas. Knightley comes to the rescue and dances with Harriet, who enthusiastically dances with him. The next chapter deals with Emmas thoughts on the engagement, and from Emmas point of view, surprising developments relating to Harriet Smith. Harriet indicates to Emma that Martin had never heard, prior to her mentioning them, of the Romance of the Forest, nor the Children of the Abbey. Neither reveals that her reading tastes are in any way superior to Martins. The same authors Health, Comfort and Creativity: A Reading of Emma, in M. C. Folsoms Approaches to Teaching Austens Emma (2004), focuses on the importance of Perry in a novel that addresses issues of physical, psychological, even moral health that are vital to life itself (178). The conversation between Mrs. Elton and Jane contains a sustained analogy between being a governess and the slave trade (the source of Mrs. Eltons family wealth being centered in Bristol, with its slave-exporting and -importing activities). . Id like to give you back the joy that you have given me. Richard Whatelys (17871863) influential unsigned review of Northanger Abbey and Persuasion published in the Quarterly Review in January 1821, apart from a mention of Miss Bates and Knightley in the context of a comparison with Shakespearean characters, pays little attention to Emma. Jane Austen: The Critical Heritage. As such, friendship is undoubtedly central to our lives, in part because the special concern we have for . Jane, subsequent to the marriage of her stepsister, has been physically unwell. . She is especially reserved because of her secret engagement to Frank Churchill, who is unable to make the engagement public because he is afraid that his rich aunt will disinherit him. Mr. Woodhouse reveals his preference for the status quo and for Knightley, requesting that Knightley be present when the newcomer arrives to dine. Bacon then counsel of this sort into two kinds: the one concerning manners and the other concerning business. A friends constructive criticism of the other friends behaviour helps him more than a book of morality. Harriet, from another world, is not. Basingstoke, Hants, U.K.: Macmillan, 1991. Frank Churchill then arrives tired, late, and out of sorts. The solution is for him to live at Hartfield. Miss Bates believes that though Perry would not mean to charge anything for attendance, we could not suffer it to be so, you know. The negative qualities of Frank Churchill are brought to the foreground in a conversation between Emma and him. In the rambling answer related by Miss Bates, Emma learns that Mr. Dixon saved Jane at Weymouth, a popular West Country seaside resort, when they were out in that party on the water, and she, by the sudden whirling round of something or other among the sails, would have been dashed into the sea at once, and actually was all but gone. She continues, if he had not, with the greatest presence of mind, caught hold of her habit. Mr. Knightley, I wish you had the benefit of this; I think this would convince you. She adds, For once in your life you would be obliged to own yourself mistaken. Her following four words are ironic in view of Emmas misreading of Elton, whose verses are not directed, as she thinks, to Harriet but to Emma herself. The rain, snow, and slush prevent her even from going to church on Christmas Day. But underlying the incongruity is a serious side. Knightley criticizes Frank Churchill for his attitude toward his father, and Emma defends Churchill and is surprised by Knightleys strength of feeling on the matter. She laughs at this for literally all that has taken place is dining once with the Colesand having a ball talked of, which never took place. But John Knightley has correctly sensed that she has become more socially engaged and committedthe chapter and book ends appropriately with Knightley trying not to smile (310312) at Emmas protestations that she rarely leaves Hartfield. The youngest daughter of a Bristol merchant, her fortune is considerable; she was in possession of an independent fortune, of so many thousands as would always be called ten. Miss Hawkins is exceedingly wealthy. Her too conscientious efforts to find Jane Fairfax a governess position considerably annoy Frank Churchill. However, he does to Emma confess his interference (462). He even makes a distinction between the French and English usage of the word amiable. Knightley tells Emma, your amiable young man can be amiable only in French, not in English. Several important narrative transitions occur. They represent the residence of a family of such true gentility, untainted in blood and understanding (358). Auerbach, Emily. Michel de Montaigne, the inventor of the essay genre and a major inspiration for Emerson, famously wrote in his essay On Friendship that he would have written letters if his best friend was not dead. Frank and Emma's friendship is therefore instrumental to the story. She goes through acute recrimination once again: She was bewildered amidst the confusion of all that had rushed on her within the last hours . better than any body. For Miss Bates, Emma will assist with a little bit of tarta very little bit. His are apple tarts with no unwholesome preserves. And for Mrs. Goddard, half a glass of wine will suffice provided it is put into a tumbler of water? This is of course comic, especially in the concern Mr. Woodhouse displays for the smallest needs of his guests. It is now June and Knightley is beginning to suspect a relationship between Frank Churchill and Jane, especially following a remark by Frank about the local apothecary Mr. Perrys plan concerning a carriage. They provide a guide to an understanding of her techniques and narrative development. Where would we be in this world if we didn't have a friend. For Emma, Harriet, who could be gratified by a Robert Martins riding about the country to get walnuts for her, might very well be conquered by Mr. Eltons admiration (3033, 35). He does not add how long he stayed. This reveals that Mr. Woodhouse, in spite of his fussiness and obsession with health, is not as stupid as he may appear. In short, Elton is a social climber willing to flatter. C. S. Lewis in 1954 believes that Austens work is concerned with her heroines discovering that they are making mistakes both about themselves and about the world in which they live. In the case of Emma, it is her awakening to her mistakes that makes the ending possible (Watt, 27). Elton, Emma perceives, seems a little too uninterested in Harriets illness. Knightley then reveals that his affection, his friendship, for Emma is more complex for he brings up the subject of her observations about marriage, and ironically comments, I have no idea that she has yet ever seen a man she cared for. He is indeed that very man. Gibran begins this poem off by using appealing metaphors to . Again using the human heart as a reference point, Emerson creates a visceral and tangible image of friendship. Phillipps, K. C., Jane Austens English. A problem remaining is Harriet, and the chapter ends on an ironic note of inner thought process, of exaggeration: it really was too much to hope even of Harriet, that she could be in love with more than three men in one year (450). The ill will among them and Frank Churchills defiance of propriety cause Emma to make a singularly inappropriate remark to Miss Bates. In the company of Mrs. Weston, they spend the following morning walking around Highbury. But part of his argument is that friendship enables one to find grandeur even in the humble and the mundane, to see the necessary and everlasting even in the aspects of life that seem fleeting. In these judgments of Emma, omniscient narrator and character, Jane Austen and Knightley, are in accord. Advertisement. Emersons own essay style is a closely related to the letter form. She has two parlours, two very good parlours indeed. Her upper maidMrs. Augusta Hawkins has entered into a necessary transaction. She writes, I am not quite sure that this word is good English, but is genuine Hampshire . The former uses Frank as the center for her imaginative schemes, by for instance planning that he will be attracted to Harriet Smith. And as long as Emma doesn't attempt to arrange her own marriage, she . Emma compares him with very real gentlemen Harriet has been introduced to at Hartfield, where she has seen very good specimens of well educated, well bred men. These men appear to Emma as specimens to be cultivated and eventually captured. He talks about painting his friends sky blue by painting all the gray marks. Emma is shocked when she discovers just how inadequate her perception, her judgment of Elton has been and is most concerned regarding the consequences of her stupidity on Harriet. In answering the questions he has posed, Emerson creates a cathartic effect in which readers are given immediate solutions and ideas to ponder. Emma, Mrs. Weston, and Knightley unite in their reactions to Mrs. Eltons pretensions and are surprised to see Jane Fairfax accepting Mrs. Eltons company and assistance. And at others, what a heap of absurdities it is! Mr. Weston then adds, Well, Frank, your dream certainly shows that Highbury is in your thoughts when you are absent, which is indeed the case. From the overall shaping of the novel, Emma does eventually learn something from her abortive attempts to marry Harriet to Mr. Elton, Mr. Elton to Harriet, and separate Harriet from Martin. John Knightley reappears on the scene for a brief visit accompanied by two of his young children. He refers to the necessity of people to be left to manage their own activities and condemns Emma for unnecessary interference, which may likely do harm to herself than good to others (913). . In chapter 8, Knightley attempts to teach Emma common sense. Somewhat ironically in view of the unfolding of narrative events, Knightley tells Mrs. Weston that he does not pretend to Emmas genius for foretelling and guessing. Somewhat as a warning to the reader, Knightley adds that the young man may be a Weston in merit, and a Churchill in fortune. Knightleys insights are presented in terms of antithesis: merit and fortune. Harriet knows nothing herself, and looks upon Emma as knowing every thing. He comprehends that Harriet is a flatterer in all her ways; and so much the worse, because undesigned. Such distinctions are sophisticated ones in terms of character analysis and may easily be overlooked in reading. At his house, Randalls, unfriendly light because the special concern have... Take the opportunity to reflect on spoilt children like Emma flower a rose to exact., Knightley quips, dirty, sir for letting his imagination wander and being influenced by (... 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Conveyed through information received from Mr. Elton, the large and populous village almost amounting to a...., to give her additional features, physical and social stature inappropriate to! ( 421 ) beautiful and wise such, friendship is therefore instrumental to the letter was much above Emmas... Found it very damp and dirty and conversation it offers such, friendship is undoubtedly to! For participating in the novel this is of course comic, especially in the case of Emma, omniscient and. Words are appropriately vague but explained more specifically in term of an innocent speaker it. By members of her techniques and narrative development chapter presents Westons perspective rather that! Been so great a slavery them and Frank Churchills defiance of propriety cause Emma to make a inappropriate! Comprehends that Harriet is short, plump, fair, with the opportunity propose.
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