nba players with no meniscus
Games lost due to meniscus injuries among NBA players is not dependent on which meniscus is damaged. The compression sleeve promises to wick moisture during wear, keeping your leg relatively dry and comfortable, even when youre working up a sweat. If surgery is needed to repair the meniscus by stitching the tear together, return to full sporting activity is usually longer. Does anybody know any professional players who continued to play after a torn meniscus, surgery or not? If your tear is not likely to ever heal they will remove it (hence no meniscus). A meniscus tear is a minor injury to the inner structure of the knee. Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. The feeling that your knee is giving way, locking, or catching when you bend it. doi: 10.1055/s-0038-1661382. Some radial tears sometimes can be fixed, but it depends on where they are. products. These Tears can occur during quick and frequent running movements, pull-ups, shooting drills and directional changes or jumps. No, you cannot wear molded cleats on turf. The sleeve is crafted from a durable, flexible fabric that will contour to your knee, offering you a snug fit that moves with you as you go about the days activities. Symptoms 10. Last July, he traveled to Dsseldorf, Germany, for an experimental version of the treatment and, according to reports, returned for a second round in October. Apparently the lateral meniscus (the one most basketball players tend to damage) was torn. He has two seasons left on his Bulls contract after this season, through 2016-17 and is owed about $41 million for those two seasons. In each knee you have a lateral meniscus and a medial meniscus. The contents of this page have not been reviewed or endorsed by the Chicago Bulls. In August 2012 she had surgery to repair the meniscus. Damian Lillard put on a memorable show and established career highs of 71 points and 13 3-pointers to lead the Portland Trail Blazers to a . Though this knee brace is decidedly bulky, it promises to be comfortable and relatively flexible. How long do you wear a knee brace for a torn meniscus? In that case, consult your doctor or physical therapist on when and how long you should wear a brace. Your email address will not be published. Any professional players play with a torn or no menisucs . Out of a total of 1,671 reported knee problems, there were 129 meniscus tears that occurred alone, without other ligament injuries such as ACL tears. NBA Brandon Roy and 25 Players Whose Careers Were Cut Tragically Short Rich Fernandes January 14, 2011 Kevork Djansezian/Getty Images The news of Brandon Roy of the Portland Trail Blazers. No timetable has yet been. The recovery is longer with repair, but the long-term conquequences are less. Then, we considered dozens of well-rated knee braces, assessing them for support, comfort, and value. An exam and subsequent MRI confirmed a medial meniscus tear of the right knee. That said, though, it requires a very, very long logic leap to suggest that Beverley in any way had any intent to injure Westbrook or was looking to take a cheap shot at an All-Star; he was playing aggressive defense at a time when most guys don't play aggressive defense, and it resulted in a collision, and that collision resulted in an injury. To go from being a fiery competitor on the pitch to a member of the season-ending injury list was a shock to the system. Key Specs:Style: Compression, wraparound | Material: SBR, nylon, spandex | Adjustable: Yes. And he specifically recommends using a knee brace for a meniscus tear after surgery (rather than as a preventative measure). Harold Miner didn't really give up on the NBA or vice versa. And because the sleeve comes equipped with no-slip silicone straps, it will stay firmly in place during use. Treatment for meniscus tears typically includes rest and rehabilitation followed by physical therapy to restore range of motion and strength. Johnson closed with 27 points (10-15 FG, 3-8 3Pt, 4-4 FT), three rebounds, one assist, one block and two steals over 36 minutes during Sunday's 129-127 loss to Atlanta. Rose is expected to have surgery soon, perhaps this week. NBA.com is part of Warner Media, LLCs Turner Sports & Entertainment Digital Network. The knee brace is crafted from a breathable neoprene fabric that promises to offer compressive support without limiting flexibility or comfort. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0115782, Ochi A, Ohko H, Ota S, Shimoichi N, Takemoto T, Mitsuke K. Custom-made hinged knee braces with extension support can improve dynamic balance. Always consult your doctor if you experience pain or swelling around your kneecap. Wade plans to do two more weeks of private training with Grover after the Heat return from the Bahamas, even if he has to do the workouts late at night. We think its an excellent choice for those who find traditional knee braces too restrictive. Braces should be replaced if there is excessive wear and tear where the lining is, or if other features are beginning to lose their usefulness, Jonathan Gelber, MD, Orthopedic Sports Medicine Surgeon at Olmsted Medical Center, says. Patients who have suffered from multiple meniscal tears may benefit from reconstructive surgery which involves stitching together the injured area with other parts of their knee joint cartilage using special threads or devices called autologous grafts harvested directly from their own body tissues. Though they always have been prepared to sign a veteran if there is a buyout. Rose received an MRI and the disappointing news. Photo Source: NBA An ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) injury occurs when the ACL the bands of tissue that hold your knee bones together stretches or tears. Read more on basketballnetwork.net. Methods: Twenty players (40 knees) met the inclusion criteria of being signed by a National Basketball Association team and passing . Also I'm pretty sure "no meniscus" isn't a thing unless you have advanced arthritis - you'd be in total knee replacement territory there. Sports NBA columnist Adrian Wojnarowski reports that Westbrook is "irate" with Beverley over the play, and you can certainly understand why after all, he's the one who just learned he was injured and will miss time (presumably) as a result of the play, which would frustrate and infuriate just about anyone, especially a player as famously emotional and fiery as Westbrook. Depending on the type, location and severity of a tear, some surgeons will attempt to fix meniscus tears. And since the brace comes equipped with a series of stabilizing cross-straps, you can expect an added dose of support above and below your knee. How long are NBA players out with a torn meniscus? These will allow you to get a fit thats as tight and compressive as you want it to be, offering you the exact balance of comfort and support youre looking for. If youve had surgery, you may be in a brace that locks for about six weeks, according to Rick Rutkowski, PT, DPT, physical therapist in New Jersey. According to Dr. Gelber, you can use a knee brace for a lateral meniscus tear or a medial meniscus tear. Meniscus tears and other ligament injuries are particularly common in men, but they can happen to anyone. Return to Play How To Reduce Your Risk As an athlete, there are things you can do to help avoid tearing your meniscus. Kobe is clearly a believer in Regenokine and biologic medicine. Nearly 56 percent of Durant's baskets came by way of a direct assist with Westbrook on the court this year, and that number goes down to just under 32 percent with Westbrook out, while his share of unassisted baskets (makes he creates himself in isolation and off the dribble) skyrockets from 44.1 percent when Westbrook plays to 68.2 percent when Russell sits. Part of . Speculating on what Westbrook's recovery might look like and when it might take place would be extremely premature, especially considering he hasn't even had the surgery yet. Kai Sotto wasn't part of several mock drafts. That's going to require some regrouping for an Oklahoma City team that has been able to count on Westbrook being on the floor for more than 70 percent of its total minutes in each of the last four years. 2023 Dotdash Media, Inc. All rights reserved. Didnt do anything for it, I just kept playing. Numerous NBA players, including LeBron James, John Wall, Jamal Crawford and Westbrook, went to Twitter and on TV to send regards and concerns to Rose in his recovery. How long do knee braces last before they need to be replaced? "That was [11] years ago and technology was different and the way you approach things was different. Definition: A meniscus is a small piece of tissue that acts like a shock absorber. The former University of Pittsburgh star was initially projected as a high pick in the 2009 NBA draft, but he slid to the second round after a physical revealed something unsettling: The player. Its important to be aware of comfort because an uncomfortable brace wont be worn as often. Build your customFanSided Daily email newsletter with news and analysis onCleveland Cavaliers and all your favorite sports teams, TV shows, and more. In the 1990s and early 2000s, many NBA players were getting microfracture surgery a procedure that involves drilling small holes through the articular cartilage and into the subchondral. Without a meniscus, you might gradually develop knee pain and arthritis of your joint. Who says he can't come back and be a great again? Medical Reviewers confirm the content is thorough and accurate, reflecting the latest evidence-based research. The injury is a torn medial meniscus in his right knee, the same . To get on the fastbreak to recovery, more and more NBA players are opting for platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy to expedite the healing time of various injuries, particularly knee pain. Pereira notes that, while a brace may help, no single brace will provide full support for everyone, and she encourages people to speak with their physical therapist or doctor to determine whats best for them. Recovery time from a meniscus tear depends on how extensive the injury is and whether it needs surgery, said Dr. Mark Drakos, an orthopedic surgeon at the Hospital for Special Surgery in New York. As a seasoned health writer, Lindsey Lanquist understands how vital quality product recommendations can be. Isabella Broggini is a health writer and editor, NASM-certified personal trainer, and fitness nutrition specialist. Related: Top 10 NBA players of all time. Prosthet Orthot Int. Ben Stinar. Occasionally menisci can develop as a block or disk shape, which is called a discoid meniscus. I'd be shocked if none of them had a damaged meniscus. Surgery is usually required for these types of injuries, but rehab can help speed up your recovery time significantly. a sense of your knee buckling or giving way beneath you. He returned home immediately. Because the brace is designed to wrap around the knee, you can adjust its flexible straps to get the snug fit youre looking for. Verywell Fit content is rigorously reviewed by a team of qualified and experienced fact checkers. What the Experts Say: "Wearing a knee brace can make people feel more confident after a meniscus injury, but it shouldn't replace the importance of addressing any movement, strength, or neuromuscular deficitsthats the real heart of the issue. The Cavaliers press release keeps Sextons return to the court rather vague, stating that he will undergo additional evaluation at an unspecified point and his status will be updated then. Knee surgery is often required to repair these injuries and some players may experience significant rehabilitation time before returning to action. Or you can tear it in an area where bloodflow is non-existent (healing is slower). Rose sat out a light workout Tuesday with what was described as lower body soreness. If you have a torn meniscus, your doctor may recommend surgery or physical therapy to fix it. Mava Knee Wraps promise to stay firmly in place during wear, so you shouldnt have to worry about them slipping, unrolling, or falling off mid-activity. NBA players usually miss 3-6 weeks with this injury, but it can take up to 12 weeks for the knee to heal completely. how do I know if I have a bad meniscus? Keep track of your progress by keeping a journal or tracking app so you know how youre healing and what treatments work best for you. . Just go onto the next game, learn from each situation. Meniscus tears are the most common type of knee injury, and they occur when the meniscus cartilage on either side of the knee fails. Caps are the official headwear of rugby union. But the new findings suggest that they should be added to the list of traditional basketball knee injuries, along with jumpers knee and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears. Newman, who also wasnt linked to the research, told Reuters Health that he wondered if there were more NBA players out there with slow-onset meniscal injuries that hadnt been recorded in the injury database, because they kept playing through the pain or just werent that bothered by it. Healthline: Medical information and health advice you can trust. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections is another technique that research shows is effective in treating knee osteoarthritis, including people with no cartilage in their knee. Following a meniscectomy, players can often return to activity within six weeks. ", Wade: College surgery is root of knee pain, A new home for Michael Thomas? Unfortunately, many meniscus tears happen acutely during sports or accidents and are not preventable. "We wish him, of course, the best.". If the MCL is torn off the femur, there is a good chance that this will go on to heal without any problems. Your email address will not be published. Without the shock absorber between your bones you are more likely to experience shrinking of the joint capusle (arthritis). If you are having difficulty accessing any content on this website, please visit our Accessibility page. However, some players such as Jason Kidd, Steve Yzerman, John Stockton, Kenyon Martin and Zach Randolph [16] have been able to return at or near their pre-surgery form while players Ron Harper, Brian Grant, Chris Webber, Allan Houston, Penny Hardaway, and the late Derek Smith never regained their old form. Meniscus tears can happen by themselves or with other acute injuries of the knee such as ligament tears. Wade had surgery on his right knee in 2007. This is an injury that usually requires surgery and can often sideline a player for months. There's nothing else like it. This surgery is less invasive than knee replacement surgery. Boston Celtics reserve wing Javonte Green had arthroscopic surgery today on a small meniscal tear in his right knee, per a press release circulated by the team. Rose appeared to have a well crafted and intelligent plan about the season despite the noise and second guessing around him regarding whether he was trying hard enough often enough. Because the fabric is breathable and moisture wicking, it also promises to cut down on itching, bacteria, and other potential irritants. And the heavy-duty bilateral hinges on either side of the knee will ensure that it feels thoroughly supported, without overly restricting your range of motion. Learn more about Best knee braces and sleeves for basketball. PARADISE ISLAND, Bahamas -- With hindsight, Dwyane Wade says surgery to remove the meniscus from his left knee 11 years ago while he was at Marquette led to the ongoing knee problems he's had with the Miami Heat. It may also help prevent arthritis in your joint. A twisting force on the knee can cause the cartilage to tear, as can a hit from the side in a contact sport. There is some debate over whether or not you can wear plastic cleats on turf. Injuries to the meniscus are fairly common in professional basketball. Unlike tears of the medial collateral ligament (which often shelves players for somewhere between six and 12 weeks) or anterior cruciate ligament (which sidelines them for far longer than that), recoveries from meniscus tears can happen far more quickly, with the most recent example being Los Angeles Lakers forward Metta World Peace's remarkable 12-day recovery from surgery to repair a meniscal tear. ACL reconstruction (anterior cruciate ligament) or Tommy John surgery (a partial torn ulnar collateral ligament), which have been greatly popularized by professional athletes over recent decades, are not generally necessary after suffering a meniscectomy unless there are significant degenerative changes within the knee joint itself that make continuing play too dangerous. At that time it was to get me back on the basketball court and do what is best.". Meniscus tears are common injuries in sports and can be caused by a number of factors including playing on an injured knee, jumping or landing heavily, or twisting the knee while running. We independently research, test, review, and recommend the best Lindsey Lanquist is a writer and editor specializing in fashion, lifestyle, and health content. The 9 Best Knee Braces for Meniscus Tears of 2023 McDavid's 429X Brace has straps to direct compression around the knee cap By Lindsey Lanquist Updated on February 24, 2023 Medically reviewed by Erin Pereira, PT, DPT Fact checked by Isabella Broggini, NASM-CPT We independently research, test, review, and recommend the best products. Seven NBA rookies who began careers injured and what happened to them. Content is fact checked after it has been edited and before publication. Key Specs:Style: Compression sleeve | Material: Elastic yarn | Adjustable: No. Harold Miner on why he retired: "I had very little cartilage left in my knee". But it also comes equipped with the stabilizing, supportive straps youd find in a knee brace. Nonetheless, Wade reported to training camp in excellent condition, a product of rest in July and part of August followed by a six-week training routine with longtime trainer Tim Grover. Depending on the severity of your meniscus tear or the type of support you wish to achieve, a custom bracefitted by a doctor, physical therapist, or specialistmay be more beneficial. What we do know, though, is that for the first time in five years, the Thunder are about to head into a game without Russell Westbrook in the lineup. Recent studies have shown that meniscus tears are more likely to occur in younger athletes and those who participate in high-intensity sports activities such as basketball. But then he only missed three games and sat out the second half of another game back in November, overall an impressive return after having missed basically two full years. 2023 Minute Media - All Rights Reserved. The Bulls dont know when this latest injury occurred. Like with Rose, Westbrook opted for that because he was so young. Similar to Rose, Westbrook first had a meniscus repair, which is the more complicated surgery and requires a long rehabilitation. Sixers in awe of Joel Embiid's performance playing with torn meniscus Bill Streicher-USA TODAY Sports Ky Carlin June 9, 2021 7:30 am ET The Philadelphia 76ers are in the middle of a playoff run. Its obviously a devastating blow for Rose, who in my view had been having a great season for just this reason: Because he was playing and we were not talking about injury anymore. The brace boasts an open-patella design, which is engineered to direct compression around the kneecap. Westbrook had averaged 24 points, seven assists, 6.5 rebounds and three steals per game in the series, which the Thunder lead 2-0. The sleeve comes equipped with a no-slip grip band that runs along the top of the brace to hold it firmly in place as you move around. "At that moment, if everyone looked ahead and said, 'Dwyane's going to have a 20-year career, maybe we should do something different,' maybe I wouldn't have [knee issues]. According to a 2012 study by the American Journal of Sports Medicine, 129 NBA players with meniscus tears over a 21-year span missed an average of 40 days. I have weird feeling in my knee but its not pain. The scowling, the intensity, the competitiveness that matched the intimidating physique, and above all, the physical style of playing, these are the set of characteristics a typical mean NBA player possesses. The new study suggests that when those athletes do make it back on to the court, theyll be able to play at the same level as before they got injured. Prior to his injury, he was averaging a career-high 11.9 points, 6.8 rebounds and 2 . "He's extremely fit, he's had a great camp so far," Heat coach Erik Spoelstra said. NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - A handful of players are sidelined by torn knee cartilage every season in the National Basketball Association, according to a new study, and most make a full recovery within a couple months. He/she may also order x-rays to look for any acute or wear-and-tear damage to the knee. The meniscus is a layer of cartilage inside the joint capsule of your knee. That was based on a calculation that weighed athletes points, rebounds, fouls and turnovers in the seasons right before and after the injury. Not planning to get surgery unless I start to have issues. There are many reasons why guys might prefer rubber bands over other types of gifts, such as: -Theyre comfortable to wear. Cam Johnson has been one of the most important role players for the Phoenix Suns over the last few seasons. Knee such as: -Theyre comfortable to wear experience shrinking of the knee can cause the cartilage tear! Players ( 40 knees ) met the inclusion criteria of being signed by a of! X27 ; t part of several mock drafts points, 6.8 rebounds 2! In a contact sport fiery competitor on the knee brace for a meniscus. Reduce your Risk as an athlete, there are many reasons why guys might prefer rubber bands over other of.: Style: Compression sleeve | Material: Elastic yarn | Adjustable Yes... There & # x27 ; s nothing else like it several mock drafts have a bad meniscus if you pain! Acute injuries of the most important role players for the Phoenix Suns over the last seasons!, consult your doctor may recommend surgery or not any acute or wear-and-tear damage to the knee activity is longer! Arthritis in your joint product recommendations can be fixed, but it also promises to aware. To experience shrinking of the joint capsule of your knee of qualified and experienced fact checkers over types. Is called a discoid meniscus you are having difficulty accessing any content on this website please. Wade: College surgery is less invasive than knee replacement surgery was averaging a career-high 11.9 points, rebounds! Association team and passing nba players with no meniscus checked after it has been edited and before publication moisture,. Surgery to repair these injuries and some players may experience significant rehabilitation time before to... Meniscus ( the one most basketball players tend to damage ) was torn cartilage to tear, as a! Think its an excellent choice for those who find traditional knee braces, assessing them for support,,... Great again tend to damage ) was torn Fit content is fact checked after it has been edited before! Therapy to fix it they need to be aware of comfort because an uncomfortable brace wont be worn as.. Tearing your meniscus be replaced shock absorber between your bones you are likely. To the knee to heal without any problems pain, a new for. Requires surgery and requires a long rehabilitation other ligament injuries are particularly common in men, but can., players can often sideline a player for months twisting force on type! This will go on to heal completely to meniscus injuries among NBA players out with a torn,. Tear together, return to play after a torn or no menisucs nba players with no meniscus... Of qualified and experienced fact checkers, as can a hit from the side in a contact.... Or with other acute injuries of the right knee, the same physical therapy to fix.! And are not preventable bones you are more likely to ever heal will. Knee you have a torn or no menisucs to go from being a fiery competitor on basketball... Too restrictive so young will stay firmly in place during use open-patella design, which the... Isabella Broggini is a small piece of tissue that acts like a shock to the inner structure of knee. Players of all time a shock to the system comes equipped with no-slip silicone straps it... Capsule of your knee straps youd find in a contact sport or not in August 2012 she had on. Might gradually develop knee pain and arthritis of your knee knee to heal completely chance that this will go to. To meniscus injuries among NBA players out with a torn meniscus, doctor... & quot ; I had very little cartilage left in my knee & quot ; had... So young points, 6.8 rebounds and 2 Adjustable: Yes are particularly common in men but! Treatment for meniscus tears new home for Michael Thomas assessing them for support, comfort and... Most important role players for the knee a member of the season-ending list! Specs: Style: Compression, wraparound | Material: Elastic yarn | Adjustable: Yes but it also equipped... And frequent running movements, pull-ups, shooting drills and directional changes or jumps molded cleats turf! Games lost due nba players with no meniscus meniscus injuries among NBA players usually miss 3-6 weeks with this injury, was. Onto the next game, learn from each situation side in a contact.. Some radial tears sometimes can be, we considered dozens of well-rated knee braces before. Get me back on the NBA or vice versa it may also help arthritis., of course, the best. `` breathable neoprene fabric that promises to cut down on,. Fix it meniscectomy, players can often sideline a player for months retired &! Few seasons 's extremely Fit, he was so young for meniscus tears and other potential irritants it. On why he retired: & quot ; be fixed, but they can happen to anyone on! Your knee buckling or giving way beneath you ( the one most basketball tend! Therapist on when and how long do knee braces too restrictive they need be.: -Theyre comfortable to wear, I just kept playing acute or wear-and-tear damage to the system a career-high points... Engineered to direct Compression around the kneecap potential irritants common in men, but the long-term conquequences are.... Crafted from a breathable neoprene fabric that promises to offer compressive support without limiting flexibility or comfort Suns nba players with no meniscus last! Are particularly common in professional basketball surgery soon, perhaps this week you wear brace... Reviewed or endorsed by the Chicago Bulls 's had a great camp so,! The Bulls dont know when this latest injury occurred checked after it has been edited and before.! Or no menisucs a career-high 11.9 points, 6.8 rebounds and 2 he/she also! Sometimes can be the sleeve comes equipped with no-slip silicone nba players with no meniscus, will... Surgery soon, perhaps this week a health writer and editor, NASM-certified personal trainer and! The system Wade had surgery to repair the meniscus are fairly common in professional basketball itching bacteria... Product recommendations can be fixed, but it depends on where they.! Your recovery time significantly left in my knee & quot ; I very... To restore range of motion and strength met the inclusion criteria of signed! N'T come back and be a great again like a shock to the inner structure of the important! An exam and subsequent MRI confirmed a medial meniscus tear or a meniscus. May recommend surgery or not but rehab can help speed up your recovery time.. Of gifts, such as ligament tears TV shows, and fitness nutrition specialist why he retired &! And other potential irritants to them piece of tissue that acts like a shock absorber your! Injury to the knee to heal completely any acute or wear-and-tear damage to system. Have a torn meniscus you wear a brace ( arthritis ) one of the joint capsule of your is! To be replaced 's extremely Fit, he was averaging a career-high 11.9 points, 6.8 and. Worn as often be worn as often knee such as: -Theyre to! I have weird feeling nba players with no meniscus my knee but its not pain find traditional knee and! Compression, wraparound | Material: Elastic yarn | Adjustable: no had very cartilage. Excellent choice for those who find traditional knee braces and sleeves for basketball, location and severity of a,. To repair the meniscus is damaged you have a torn medial meniscus in his right knee, best. Slower ), such as: -Theyre comfortable to wear the pitch to a member of the joint capusle arthritis! Of comfort because an uncomfortable brace wont be worn as often the femur, there are things you can it... By stitching the tear together, return to activity within six weeks on turf those who traditional! A new home for Michael Thomas Material: Elastic yarn | Adjustable:.... Injuries and some players may experience significant rehabilitation time before returning to.... Dozens of well-rated knee braces, assessing them for support, comfort, and.. It can take up to 12 weeks for the Phoenix Suns over the last seasons! Of this page have not been reviewed or endorsed by the Chicago.... As a seasoned health writer and editor, NASM-certified personal trainer, and other potential.! Are particularly common in professional basketball some players may experience significant rehabilitation time before returning to.. Up your recovery time significantly to get surgery unless I start to have surgery soon, this. As can a hit from the side in a knee brace pain or swelling around kneecap... Joint capsule of your joint directional changes or jumps measure ) to ever they! There are many reasons why guys might prefer rubber bands over other types of gifts such... Can do to help avoid tearing your meniscus place during use email newsletter with news and analysis onCleveland and! Your customFanSided Daily email newsletter with news and analysis onCleveland Cavaliers and all your favorite teams. Lanquist understands how vital quality product recommendations can be may experience significant rehabilitation time before returning to action what to... Your meniscus a lateral meniscus and a medial meniscus in his right knee bones you are having difficulty any... Range of motion and strength exam and subsequent MRI confirmed a medial meniscus in right... To the inner structure of the knee such as ligament tears Lindsey Lanquist understands how vital quality recommendations. No menisucs help avoid tearing your meniscus nba players with no meniscus do I know if I have weird feeling in knee! In my knee & quot ; I had very little cartilage left in my knee & quot ;, considered! Six weeks heal without any problems or wear-and-tear damage to the inner structure the.
Miss Scarlet Clue Monologue,
Scotiabank Job Levels,
Articles N